Beyond the door material, another important decision is determining whether a more sophisticated door system is required for the application. In the MasterFormat section 08 30 00, Specialty Doors and Frames, a number of door types are listed for special functions, access locations, sliding and folding hardware, and even pressure-resistant types. Among these, there are several mentioned by Building Teams for consideration today:
• Pivoted or hinged doors. Both pivots and hinges can be used interchangeably, although hinged, prefabricated doors are generally less expensive. The presentation of the door types is the key factor. A hinged door typically reveals a knuckle spanning 4½ inches, while a pivot door’s profile is much smaller, with a 1½-inch knuckle. (Means Illustrated Construction Dictionary defines a door knuckle as “one of the enlarged, protruding, cylindrical parts of a hinge through which the pin is inserted.) The pivot door also offers a higher level of durability, making it a common choice for commercial applications.
• Balanced doors. Ideal for windy climates, a balanced door is a more sophisticated, engineered system for exterior entrances. “The balanced door system is a complete assembly where the hanging and closing of the door is controlled by the door system, negating some of the effects of excessive wind conditions,” says Jim Berg, a veteran door systems consultant.
If a balanced door isn’t in the budget, then pivoted or hinged doors need to be designed with higher opening and closing forces, as more of the door leaf is exposed to the wind.
• Automatic and revolving doors. Automatic doors are commonly used to meet the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act, or simply to handle highly trafficked entrances, as in hospitals and grocery stores. Because the price difference between automatic and revolving doors is substantial, revolving doors are usually reserved for buildings with significant weather requirements.
Revolving doors can also be helpful in mitigating the effects of strong negative and positive air pressures created by the HVAC systems and outdoor conditions, which cause wear and tear to a typical door. Consequently, the number of service calls is reduced with revolving or vestibule door systems.
According to Studio 08 Principal Rick Lewis, the most common type of revolving door is the single-post door. However, “Many of the airports are now using a type that allows more people to be in the door unit at one time, to move more traffic,” he says. Today there are small, three- and four-wing models for lower-traffic applications, while the large, two-wing or three-wing automatic revolving doors are more common in retail centers, hospitals, and transportation centers.
In most applications, a low-energy power operator meeting ANSI A156.19 (Standard for Power Assist and Low Energy Power Operated Doors) is specified as an ADA-compliant installation. However, for industrial settings, a heavy-duty power operator compliant with ANSI A156.10 (American National Standard for Power Operated Pedestrian Doors) is used. The industrial types are often specified with a ramp and guides, as the doors generally don’t stop and reset if a person or object enters the sensory field.
While the lower energy operators do stop and reset, this action can eventually wear down the mechanism. “Currently, manufactured units are considerably better than the ones that first came out 20 years ago,” says Lewis. “However, an ANSI A156.10 unit requires a lot of maintenance because the door operator is used each time a person, cart, or motorized vehicle passes through the opening.” Lewis says there is considerable power and momentum in the door as an operator is functioning, and “this causes not only the operators to receive a lot of abuse, but also the doors and frames.”
While retrofitting ordinary doors into automatic doors can be difficult and expensive, there are cases where there is no way around the problem for certain types of buildings, such as churches, temples, mosques, and other religious institutions, which are now required by ADA standards to update their access points. +
Related Stories
| Nov 3, 2011
GREC Architects announces opening of the Westin Abu Dhabi Golf Resort and Spa
The hotel was designed by GREC and an international team of consultants to enhance the offerings of the Abu Dhabi Golf Club without imposing upon the dramatic landscapes of the elite golf course.
| Nov 3, 2011
Hardin Construction tops out Orlando Embassy Suites
The project began in April 2011 and is expected to open in fall 2012.
| Nov 3, 2011
2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize Ceremony to be held in China
The tradition of moving the event to world sites of architectural significance was established to emphasize that the prize is international, the laureates having been chosen from 16 different nations to date.
| Nov 3, 2011
DMR Architects welcomes two new staff members
Siro Gonzalez joins the staff as junior graduate architect and Megan Byers joins the staff as marketing assistant.
| Nov 2, 2011
Mega deals drive 28% increase in global engineering and construction merger and acquisition value
Financial investors lead mega deal activity, China most active country in global domestic deals.
| Nov 2, 2011
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. breaks ground on Alexandria Center in Cambridge, Mass.
307,000-sf building to be house to executive offices of Biogen Idec.
| Nov 2, 2011
CRSI’s Manual of Standard Practice now available
This resource contains information on recommended industry practices for estimating, detailing, fabricating, and placing reinforcing steel for reinforced concrete construction.
| Nov 2, 2011
John W. Baumgarten Architect, P.C, wins AIA Long Island Chapter‘s Healthcare Award for Renovation
The two-story lobby features inlaid marble floors and wood-paneled wainscoting that pays homage to the building’s history.
| Nov 2, 2011
Jacobs announces acquisition of KlingStubbins
Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. announced that it has acquired KlingStubbins. Officials did not disclose the terms of the agreement. Jacobs' acquisition of KlingStubbins, which has approximately 500 employees located in the United States and Asia, particularly enhances the Company's capabilities in design. KlingStubbins provides professional services in planning, architecture, engineering and interiors.