David Vermeulen, the Midwest territory manager for Technical Glass Products, spends a lot of time talking with Building Teams about impact glazing and fire-rated glass. “There’s still a little confusion about the products—on the types of glass available, how they’ve changed over the years, and how they can be used,” he says. “People are surprised by what they can do with fire-rated glass.”
Here Vermeulen shares some back-to-basics answers to seven common questions about impact glazing and fire-rated glass.
1. How does fire-rated glass differ from ordinary glass?
Fire-rated glass has been tested to act as a barrier to the spread of flames and smoke, a practice known as compartmentalization. The framing and glass undergo independent testing from such organizations as Underwriters Laboratories, where a fire is ignited and the temperature (which can be as high as 1,000ºF after only five minutes) is measured on the surface of the glass. Ratings are given based on the length of time the glass remains intact. The test concludes by blasting the heated glass with water from a two-man fire hose to determine the system’s ability to withstand impact pressure and its resistance to thermal water shock. Fire-rated glass ratings range from 20 minutes up to three hours, depending on the product and framing system.
2. When using glass in fire-rated locations, is impact safety glass also required?
No. Building codes determine where impact safety glass is required. “Generally speaking, any glass 18 inches off the floor or 36 inches from a door—and any door glass itself—has to be safety glass,” says Vermeulen. However, a transom over a door would not require the use of impact-rated glass, so a fire-rated glass that is not impact rated could be used and is a less expensive option than glazing offering both impact- and fire resistance.
3. What types of impact glazing are available?
There are two types: Category I and Category II.
Category I represents 150 foot-pounds of impact, which simulates a small child (approximately 85 lb) running into the glass. Glass meeting this test is limited to a maximum size of nine sf per lite.
Category II represents 400 foot-pounds, which simulates an adult running into the glass, and is the highest level of required impact-rated glass. With few exceptions, all tempered or laminated glass in use falls into this category, and any opening over nine sf has to meet category II standards.
4. What types of fire-rated glass are available?
Two types: thin and thick.
Thin glass is approximately 1/4- to 5/16- inch thick and fits into standard fire-rated steel frames. Thin glass is now available in larger sizes than previously offered—allowing greater design flexibility and larger openings for increased daylighting transfer—with fire ratings from 20 to 90 minutes. Thin products are classified as “opening protective” and block smoke and flames, but are not heat barriers. Thin products are available with or without impact ratings.
Thick glass products, commonly called glass walls because they allow virtually unlimited expanses of glass and are typically used in areas where glazing exceeds 25% of the wall area, measure ¾ inch or more in thickness and are tested to the same standards as solid barrier walls. Fire ratings for thick glass range from 45 minutes up to two hours, and the products block smoke and flames as well as heat.
5. Does fire-rated glass limit design possibilities?
No. “Design possibilities have reached new heights, and that’s triggering a change in the way projects are being built,” says Vermeulen. Advances in glass technology and framing materials address limitations on window sizes and allow windows to meet the same code requirements as a firewall. Vermeulen says designers are now able to use fire-rated glass instead of traditional wall construction to bring more natural daylight into the interior. “We even have fire-rated glass floors now,” he says. New labeling that makes it easier for code officials to determine whether or not the proper glass is used in the space will be part of the International Building Code for 2012.
6. Are fire-rated products more expensive?
Fire-rated glass is more expensive than traditional glass, and typically accounts for 2% of a building’s total budget, according to Vermeulen.
7. Is fire-rated glass traditionally an interior product?
Yes, but that’s changing somewhat. “Insulating fire-rated glass for exterior use is a new thing,” says Vermeulen. In general, fire-rated glass is used on a building’s exterior in cases where adjacent buildings are very close to the property line, to keep fire from leaping from one building to the next. BD+C
David Vermeulen has nearly a decade of fire-rated glazing experience, and has successfully worked with code officials, architects, and designers from schematic product development through installation.
Related Stories
| May 13, 2014
Libeskind wins competition to design Canadian National Holocaust Monument
A design team featuring Daniel Libeskind and Gail Dexter-Lord has won a competition with its design for the Canadian National Holocaust Monument in Toronto. The monument is set to open in the autumn of 2015.
| May 12, 2014
Defining BIM – What do owners really want?
Given the complexities of the building process, it can be difficult for building owners to effectively communicate what they want and need with BIM. The response to the question usually is, “Give me everything.”
| May 12, 2014
The best of affordable housing: 4 projects honored with 2014 AIA/HUD Secretary Awards [slideshow]
The winners include two dramatic conversions of historic YMCA buildings into modern, affordable multifamily complexes.
| May 11, 2014
8 starter questions to answer when thinking about building
So, are you ready to start building? Completing these eight questions will help you answer that confidently. SPONSORED CONTENT
| May 11, 2014
Final call for entries: 2014 Giants 300 survey
BD+C's 2014 Giants 300 survey forms are due Wednesday, May 21. Survey results will be published in our July 2014 issue. The annual Giants 300 Report ranks the top AEC firms in commercial construction, by revenue.
| May 10, 2014
How your firm can gain an edge on university projects
Top administrators from five major universities describe how they are optimizing value on capital expenditures, financing, and design trends—and how their AEC partners can better serve them and other academic clients.
| May 9, 2014
It's official: Norman Foster-designed Harmon hotel and casino to be razed due to structural issues
Construction of the Las Vegas tower was halted in 2008 after experts discovered faulty steel beams in the structure. Now its owner, MGM, has received permission to demolish the building.
| May 9, 2014
5 trends transforming higher education
Performance-based funding models and the adoption of advanced technologies like augmented reality for teaching are just a few of the predictions offered by CannonDesign's higher education sector leader, Brad Lukanic.
| May 9, 2014
40 Under 40: Where are they now?
BD+C catches up with two past U40 honorees: Matt Dumich of Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture and David Montalba of Montalba Architects
| May 8, 2014
Perfecting prefab: 8 tips for healthcare construction projects
Leading AEC firms offer helpful advice for using BIM to pull off prefab for everything from MEP infrastructure to whole bathrooms.