David Vermeulen, the Midwest territory manager for Technical Glass Products, spends a lot of time talking with Building Teams about impact glazing and fire-rated glass. “There’s still a little confusion about the products—on the types of glass available, how they’ve changed over the years, and how they can be used,” he says. “People are surprised by what they can do with fire-rated glass.”
Here Vermeulen shares some back-to-basics answers to seven common questions about impact glazing and fire-rated glass.
1. How does fire-rated glass differ from ordinary glass?
Fire-rated glass has been tested to act as a barrier to the spread of flames and smoke, a practice known as compartmentalization. The framing and glass undergo independent testing from such organizations as Underwriters Laboratories, where a fire is ignited and the temperature (which can be as high as 1,000ºF after only five minutes) is measured on the surface of the glass. Ratings are given based on the length of time the glass remains intact. The test concludes by blasting the heated glass with water from a two-man fire hose to determine the system’s ability to withstand impact pressure and its resistance to thermal water shock. Fire-rated glass ratings range from 20 minutes up to three hours, depending on the product and framing system.
2. When using glass in fire-rated locations, is impact safety glass also required?
No. Building codes determine where impact safety glass is required. “Generally speaking, any glass 18 inches off the floor or 36 inches from a door—and any door glass itself—has to be safety glass,” says Vermeulen. However, a transom over a door would not require the use of impact-rated glass, so a fire-rated glass that is not impact rated could be used and is a less expensive option than glazing offering both impact- and fire resistance.
3. What types of impact glazing are available?
There are two types: Category I and Category II.
Category I represents 150 foot-pounds of impact, which simulates a small child (approximately 85 lb) running into the glass. Glass meeting this test is limited to a maximum size of nine sf per lite.
Category II represents 400 foot-pounds, which simulates an adult running into the glass, and is the highest level of required impact-rated glass. With few exceptions, all tempered or laminated glass in use falls into this category, and any opening over nine sf has to meet category II standards.
4. What types of fire-rated glass are available?
Two types: thin and thick.
Thin glass is approximately 1/4- to 5/16- inch thick and fits into standard fire-rated steel frames. Thin glass is now available in larger sizes than previously offered—allowing greater design flexibility and larger openings for increased daylighting transfer—with fire ratings from 20 to 90 minutes. Thin products are classified as “opening protective” and block smoke and flames, but are not heat barriers. Thin products are available with or without impact ratings.
Thick glass products, commonly called glass walls because they allow virtually unlimited expanses of glass and are typically used in areas where glazing exceeds 25% of the wall area, measure ¾ inch or more in thickness and are tested to the same standards as solid barrier walls. Fire ratings for thick glass range from 45 minutes up to two hours, and the products block smoke and flames as well as heat.
5. Does fire-rated glass limit design possibilities?
No. “Design possibilities have reached new heights, and that’s triggering a change in the way projects are being built,” says Vermeulen. Advances in glass technology and framing materials address limitations on window sizes and allow windows to meet the same code requirements as a firewall. Vermeulen says designers are now able to use fire-rated glass instead of traditional wall construction to bring more natural daylight into the interior. “We even have fire-rated glass floors now,” he says. New labeling that makes it easier for code officials to determine whether or not the proper glass is used in the space will be part of the International Building Code for 2012.
6. Are fire-rated products more expensive?
Fire-rated glass is more expensive than traditional glass, and typically accounts for 2% of a building’s total budget, according to Vermeulen.
7. Is fire-rated glass traditionally an interior product?
Yes, but that’s changing somewhat. “Insulating fire-rated glass for exterior use is a new thing,” says Vermeulen. In general, fire-rated glass is used on a building’s exterior in cases where adjacent buildings are very close to the property line, to keep fire from leaping from one building to the next. BD+C
David Vermeulen has nearly a decade of fire-rated glazing experience, and has successfully worked with code officials, architects, and designers from schematic product development through installation.
Related Stories
High-rise Construction | Apr 14, 2022
Seattle’s high-rise convention center nears completion
The new Washington State Convention Center Summit Building—billed as the first high-rise convention center in North America—is on track to complete most of its construction later this year.
Building Team | Apr 14, 2022
TLC Engineering Solutions, Inc. acquires Moye I.T. Consulting, LLC
TLC Engineering Solutions, Inc. (TLC) is excited to announce that Moye I.T. Consulting, LLC (Moye Consulting) has joined the TLC team, expanding the breadth of its IT and Technology capabilities, as well as its national portfolio.
Wood | Apr 13, 2022
Mass timber: Multifamily’s next big building system
Mass timber construction experts offer advice on how to use prefabricated wood systems to help you reach for the heights with your next apartment or condominium project.
AEC Tech | Apr 13, 2022
Morphosis designs EV charging station for automaker Genesis
LA-based design and architecture firm Morphosis has partnered with automotive luxury brand Genesis to bring their signature brand and styling, attention-to-detail, and seamless customer experience to the design of Electric Vehicle Charging (EVC) Stations.
AEC Tech | Apr 13, 2022
A robot automates elevator installation
Schindler—which manufactures and installs elevators, escalators, and moving walkways—has created a robot called R.I.S.E. (robotic installation system for elevators) to help install lifts in high-rise buildings.
Government Buildings | Apr 11, 2022
Milan’s new US Consulate celebrates Italian design
In Milan, Italy, the new U.S. Consulate General broke ground on April 6. Managed by Overseas Buildings Operations (OBO), a U.S. government agency that directs overseas builds, the 10-acre campus will feature a new Consulate building, as well as the restoration of the site’s historic Liberty Building and reconstruction of a pavilion on the 80,000-square-foot parade ground.
Sponsored | BD+C University Course | Apr 10, 2022
Designing with commercial and industrial insulated metal wall panels
Discover the characteristics, benefits and design options for commercial/industrial buildings using insulated metal panels (IMPs). Recognize the factors affecting panel spans and the relationship of these to structural supports. Gain knowledge of IMP code compliance.
Laboratories | Apr 7, 2022
North Carolina's latest play for biotech real estate development
The Tar Heel State is among a growing number of markets rolling out the welcome mat for lab spaces.
Healthcare Facilities | Apr 7, 2022
Visibility breeds traffic in healthcare design
Ryan Companies has completed several healthcare projects that gain exposure by being near retail stores or office buildings.
Multifamily Housing | Apr 7, 2022
Ken Soble Tower becomes world’s largest residential Passive House retrofit
The project team for the 18-story high-rise for seniors slashed the building’s greenhouse gas emissions by 94 percent and its heating energy demand by 91 percent.